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Piezoelectricity is a property of certain dielectric materials to physically deform in the presence of an electric field, or conversely, to produce an electrical charge when mechanically deformed. There are a wide variety of materials which exhibit this phenomenon to some degree, including natural quartz crystals, semi-crystalline polyvinylidene polymer, polycrystalline piezoceramic, bone and even wood.Piezoelectricity is due to the spontaneous separation of charge with certain crystal structures under the right conditions. This phenomenon, referred to asspontaneous polarization, is caused by a displacement of the electron clouds relative to their individual atomic centers, i.e., a displacement of the positive ions relative to the negative ions within their crystal cells. Such a situation produces an electric dipole.Читати далі -
The flux coating on the electrodes determines how it will act during the actual welding process. Some of the coating burns and the burnt flux forms smoke and acts as a shield around the welding "pool," to protect it from that air around it. Part of the flux melts and mixes with the wire and then floats the impurities to the surface. These impurities are known as "slag." A finished weld would be brittle and weak if not for the flux. When the welded joint is cooled, the slag can be removed. A chipping hammer and wire brush are used to clean and examine the weld.The metal-arc welding electrodes may be grouped as bare electrodes, light coated electrodes, and shielded arc or heavy coated electrodes. The type used depends on the specific properties required that include: corrosion resistance, ductility, high tensile strength, the type of base metal to be welded; and the position of the weld that is flat, horizontal, vertical, or overhead.Читати далі -
Include electrodes as part of a secondary cell, such as a rechargeable battery. The manufacture of electrodes in secondary cells is similar to that of electrodes in primary cells. However, the electrochemical reaction is reversible in a secondary cell. Therefore, the electrode that is the anode while the battery is charging will become the cathode while the battery is discharging. Similarly, the electrode that is the cathode while the battery is charging will become the anode while the battery is discharging. For example, in an nickel-cadmium battery, the cathode contains cadmium and the anode contains nickel. The battery produces an electrical current when the cadmium flows to the anode and nickel flows to the cathode. Applying an electrical current causes the nickel and cadmium to flow back to their original electrodes, thus recharging the battery.Читати далі -
An electrode is a conductor that is used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit. Electrodes are commonly used in electrochemical cells, semiconductors like diodes, and in medical devices. An electrode is classified as either a cathode or an anode depending on if current is flowing into or out of the electrode. Conventional current flows into a device through its anode and leaves the device through the cathode. An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or air). The word was coined by William Whewell at the request of the scientist Michael Faraday from two Greek words: elektron, meaning amber (from which the word electricity is derived), and hodos, a way.An electrode in an electrochemical cell is referred to as either an anode or a cathode. The anode is now defined as the electrode at which electrons leave the cell and oxidation occurs (indicated by a minus symbol, "−"), and the cathode as the electrode at which electrons enter the cell and reduction occurs (indicated by a plus symbol, "+"). Each electrode may become either the anode or the cathode depending on the direction of current through the cell. A bipolar electrode is an electrode that functions as the anode of one cell and the cathode of another cell.Читати далі -
In the case of lead-acid batteries, electrodes transfer energy to and from the electrolyte in order to power the polarized device to which they connect. This energy leaves the battery via the negatively charged anode, and passes through the device. Then it returns via the positively charged cathode thereby reducing the power stored, through a process called reduction.With rechargeable batteries electrodes can change roles. We call rechargeable batteries ‘secondary cells’ and non-rechargeable ones ‘primary cells’. To help you remember this, rechargables have secondary lives, but primaries only one. There are many different types of primary and secondary batteries in the global battery market.Читати далі -
A conductor that makes contact with a nonmetallic component of a circuit is referred to as an electrode. Electrodes are widely employed in electrochemical cells, semiconductors such as diodes, and medical devices. The electrode is the site of electron transport.Depending on the sort of chemical process that happens, an electrode is classed as a cathode or an anode. If an electrode undergoes an oxidation process (the loss of the electron), the electrode is defined as an anode. If an electrode undergoes a reduction reaction, the electrode is classed as a cathode. Conventional current enters a device through its anode and exits through its cathode in something like a discharged battery.There is a variation between active electrodes and inert electrodes. A magnesium electrode, for example, is often an active electrode because it contributes to the oxidation-reduction process. Since it does not engage in the oxidation-reduction process, a platinum electrode is often inert. An inert electrode is chemically inert and exists merely to allow current to pass through the electrochemical cell.Читати далі -
In transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and brain stimulation in general the word “electrode” comes up a lot! As in “anode electrode”, or “cathode electrode”, or “the electrode was placed over this brain region”. So what is it?According to the definitive “Transcranial electrical stimulation nomenclature” published in Brain Stimulation we need to think about “Electrode Assembly” and “Electrode”. A lot of times when we say electrode in tDCS we mean electrode assembly. In fact in tDCS we never say electrode assembly. So below is a rather detailed and precise look at things.Читати далі -
An electrode is a conductor that comes into contact with the earth. An electrode is a conductor that establishes electrical contact with a nonmetallic component of a circuit. In electrochemical batteries, semiconductors like diodes, and medical equipment, electrodes are frequently used. Electron transfer occurs at the electrode.An electrode is categorized as either a cathode or an anode depending on the type of chemical reaction that occurs. It is referred to as an anode if it goes through the oxidation process (the loss of the electron).It is categorized as a cathode if a reduction process occurs on it. Similar to a discharged battery, a gadget that uses conventional current has an anode and a cathode.Between active electrodes and inactive electrodes, there are differences. Because it aids in the oxidation-reduction process, a magnesium electrode, for instance, is frequently regarded as an active electrode.A platinum electrode is frequently inactive because it does not participate in the oxidation-reduction process. Chemically inactive, an inert electrode serves only to permit current to flow through the electrochemical cell.Читати далі -
An electrode is defined as a point where current enters and leaves an electrolyte. When current leaves an electrode, it is known as a cathode, and when it enters it is known as an anode. Electrodes transport electrons to one half cell to another producing an electrical charge. The charge is measured with the standard electrode system (SHE) with a reference potential of 0 volts which serves as a medium for any cell potential calculation. Electrons are vital components of electrochemical cells.Читати далі -
It is said to be the electrode where the reduction process occurs. The cathode is negative as the electrical energy that is contributed to the cell consequence in the decomposition of chemical compounds. Regardless of how it can also be positive, as in the case of a galvanic cell where a chemical reaction leads to the production of electrical energy.Anode – Positive TerminalAn anode is an electrode through which the conventional current enters into a polarised electrical device. In electrochemistry, it is the point where an oxidation reaction occurs. In general terms, at an anode, negative ions or anions are prone to react and give off electrons due to their electrical potential. These electrons then move to and into the driving circuit. So, for example, if we take a galvanic cell, the anode is negative and the electrons largely move towards the outer part of the circuit.Читати далі -
The key to answering the question, “why are electrodes often made of graphite?”, is to consider the structure of graphite. In graphite, the carbon atoms are arranged in layers, retaining their structure through the use of covalent bonds. A significant feature of graphite’s structure is the number of delocalized electrons which are present. Graphite requires only three of its outer energy electrons to bond, leaving the fourth free to act in a delocalized manner. Delocalized electrons are not readily associated with a particular atom and move freely. These electrons enable graphite to exhibit a high level of conductivity, explaining why the material is frequently used for electrodes.Читати далі -
An electrode is defined as a point where current enters and leaves an electrolyte. When current leaves an electrode, it is known as a cathode, and when it enters it is known as an anode. Electrodes transport electrons to one half cell to another producing an electrical charge. The charge is measured with the standard electrode system (SHE) with a reference potential of 0 volts which serves as a medium for any cell potential calculation. Electrons are vital components of electrochemical cells.Читати далі
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