Why do welds need to be grooved?

A groove is a geometrically shaped groove machined and assembled into the welded area. The groove is primarily used to weld the workpieces and ensure weldability. Generally, it is machined, but can also be flame-cut for less demanding requirements.

The primary purpose of beveling welds is to ensure penetration, reduce welding defects, and optimize weld performance. The reasons are as follows:

Ensuring Penetration: The groove increases the cross-sectional area of ​​the weld, allowing the electrode or wire to penetrate deep into the joint, preventing defects such as incomplete penetration. This is particularly useful for thicker welds.

Optimizing Fusion Ratio: By adjusting the groove angle and gap, the filler metal to base metal ratio (fusion ratio) can be precisely controlled. For example, a U-shaped groove can minimize the impact of the base metal on weld performance.

Reducing Welding Distortion and Stress: A properly designed groove can distribute welding stress, reduce the risk of deformation, and improve structural stability.

Saving Welding Materials: Certain grooves (such as V- and Y-shaped grooves) can reduce filler metal volume and lower welding costs. ‌

Easy to Remove Slag
The groove structure facilitates slag removal, improving weld quality.